Ford Hybrid Car Case Bass Essay

Prior to starting any case, understudies should familiarizeâ themselves with the model being utilized. Promoting Engineering for Excel accompanies instructional exercises that show the capacity of each model. The instructional exercise can be found under each model inside the MEââ€" ºXL menu subsequent to beginning Excel. These instructional exercises areâ designed to work with our OfficeStar models which are situated in the My Marketing Engineering registry, for the most part introduced in My Documents during programming installation. There is no outer informational index related with this case; every fundamental datum are incorporated thus. Ford’s Hybrid Future In September 2006, Alan Mulally had quite recently taken over as the CEO of Ford, the fifth biggest enterprise in the United States. Passage was in a tough situation, just like the whole American car industry, incompletely because of the fast increment in normal gas costs from $1.10 per gallon for standard, unleaded gas in January 2002 to more than $2.50 per gallon in September 2006, as indicated by the Energy Information Administration. Game utility vehicles and trucks, the backbones of Ford’s product offering, no longer had the profundity of shopper advance they had before. Ford’s stock cost had declined over 30% from September 2004, and for the 2006 monetary year, Ford administrators were anticipating lost nearly $6 billion from progressing tasks; combined with rebuilding costs, the absolute anticipated misfortunes came to roughly $9 billion. Through its â€Å"Way Forward† plan, Ford declared buyout offers for 75,000 hourly laborers and wanted to cut 30% of its 35,000 salaried representatives in the United States. Despite the fact that these cost-sparing measures would improve gainfulness, at last, Ford expected to win in the commercial center to recover its past status; to win, it needs to take extraordinary market-arranged activities. As mostly Forward arrangement, the past CEO (and current Chair) William Clay Ford at first reported that the organization would manufacture 250,000 half breed vehicles yearly by 2010. Presently Mulally is reconsidering that dedication: Would it be sufficient? Would that be excessively? He needs a speedy and solid response to this inquiry before choosing how commandingly to push the half and half vehicle program inside Ford. Mulally likewise perceives that the advances and assembling frameworks that help half and half vehicles are developing increasingly modern, and organizations, for example, Toyota and Honda, with their head begins in these zones, may move all the more rapidly down the expectation to absorb information, delivering their vehicles all the more economically and in more prominent volumes, which would make it hard for different organizations to make up for lost time to them. To design Ford’s long haul interests in the half breed vehicle business, Mulally needs a 1 0-year estimate of the general U.S. cross breed Copyright  © 2008 by DecisionPro, Inc. To arrange duplicates or solicitation authorization to imitate materials, go to www.decisionpro.biz. No piece of this distribution might be replicated, put away in a recovery framework, utilized in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any structure or using any and all means †electronic, mechanical, copying, recording or in any case †without the consent of DecisionPro, Inc.â market, the world’s biggest customer of gas, alongside relating estimates for the deals of Ford’s half breed vehicles on the off chance that they are made accessible to the market. Foundation A mixture vehicle is a car controlled by two sources: (1) an inside ignition motor or diesel motor, as in a standard vehicle, and (2) an electric engine. In any case, cross breed vehicles don't should be energized by means of electric fittings; rather, they get charge from the development of the haggles the produced active vitality through a procedure called regenerative slowing down. Half and half vehicles give higher mileage by requiring a less amazing motor than a practically identical ordinary vehicle and help preserve nonrenewable wellsprings of vitality, for example, diesel or fuel. The littler motor in the half and half vehicle is incredible enough to move the vehicle along on the road, yet when it needs to quicken or get up a precarious slope, it needs the help of the electric engine and battery to support the force yield. Half and half vehicles work a lot of like standard vehicles and make little distinction regarding how they are driven, topped off with gas, or overhauled. Be that as it may, half and half vehicles commonly cost roughly $3,000 more than similar ordinary vehicles (base cost of $25,000 to $30,000) and offer a 10†15% improvement in gas mileage. The genuine investment funds rely upon the driving propensities for the client; slow quickening, drifting, and the utilization of voyage control help increment mileage. Albeit numerous specialists have anticipated that half breeds will be the vehicles of things to come, it stays hard to foresee their fame with purchasers and, thusly, their gainfulness for auto organizations. Inside the previous barely any years, cross breed vehicles have gone from being oddities, purchased to a great extent by tree huggers and innovation situated shoppers, to speak to a set up, however little, some portion of the car scene. As per J.D. Force and Associates, cross breeds establish roughly 1.5% of the absolute U.S. light-vehicle showcase, yet deals have been developing rapidly as different fragments have deteriorated or fallen. Deals in 2005 of 205,000 units were more than twofold the 2004 deals levels. An ongoing study by J.D. Force likewise uncovers that 57% of customers who hope to procure another vehicle inside the following two years will think about a mixture. Around the world, roughly 800 million vehicles and light trucks are in activity, and 240 million of the se are in the United States. By 2020, 1 billion vehicles and light trucks are relied upon to be being used around the world. Every one of these vehicles could in the end be supplanted by half and half vehicles. Notwithstanding customer interest for cross breed vehicles, vehicle manufacturers’ enthusiasm for half and half vehicles is driven by CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) guideline, as indicated by which an automaker must keep up a base mileage of 27.5 miles per gallon (mpg) across traveler vehicles in its product offering and 20.7 mpg across light trucks. The U.S. Congress shows up liable to increase these expectations later on because of cultural weights; as per a few specialists, the CAFE normal may ascend to 35 mpg or higher by 2020 over the whole product offering (i.e., including all traveler vehicles and light trucks created by the maker). Half and half vehicles offer the chance to raise gas mileage adequately to meet this prerequisite, and in this manner, most vehicle makers have either propelled cross breed vehicles or reported designs to do as such. An automobile producer that neglects to fulfill the guideline must take care of a punishment to the government, which a few organizations, including BMW, Porsche, and Ferrari, have paid in 2006. 1 1 The punishment for neglecting to satisfy CAFE guidelines is $5.50 per tenth of a mile for every gallon under the objective. Hence, a producer that produces vehicles that normal 2 miles beneath the objective and sells 10,000 vehicles in a given year will pay a fine of $1,100,000 for that year. In 2006, BMW paid a fine of $5.1 million. Portage HYBRID CAR CASE 2/8 Anticipating Considerations The outline in Exhibit 1, from www.hybridcars.com, delineates the assortment of sentiments in regards to deals gauges for cross breed vehicles. The dark line shows cross breed deals proceeding at their present pace, decided in the time since half breeds initially were presented in 2000. Considering the future five-year time period, J.D. Force gauges are well underneath the line, while others (e.g., D.O.E., Freedonia Group, BoozAllen) foresee more extensive open acknowledgment of cross breeds. Show 1: Forecasts for Hybrid Cars The wide variety in gauges mirrors some essential vulnerabilities encompassing this innovation and market: Innovation vulnerabilities: Many elective advancements offer diverse value/execution focuses. The gasâ€electric cross breed is the most widely recognized; elective innovations incorporate unadulterated electric vehicles and energy component vehicles. Elective fills may be utilized in nonhybrid vehicles and could pick up prevalence, influencing customers from purchasing half breeds. Some elective energizes at present being used incorporate E85 (a 85% ethanol mix), clean diesel, and petroleum gas. For 2006, Ford expanded its creation of four vehicles that can run on a blend of fuel and E85 (i.e., F-150 pickup trucks, Ford Crown Victorias, Mercury Grand Marquis, and Lincoln Towncars). In a 2005 KPMG study of 140 senior auto officials, 88% anticipated that gasâ€electric crossovers would pick up piece of the pie. Indeed, even inside the gasâ€electric half and half market, automakers apply the cross breed innovation at different levels. For instance, Honda and Toyota make all out cross breed vehicles, while General Motors slid into the division with a downsized, more affordable half and half innovation that despite everything required some fuel to control the transmission. A FORD HYBRID CAR CASE 3/8 discovery in battery innovation may make a shakeout among the elective advances. As indicated by the Department of Energy, either lithium particle or lithium polymer batteries may offer the best future innovations. Lithium particle batteries have about double the vitality of NiMH (nickelâ€metal†hydride) batteries however require huge hardware to forestall cheating and undercharging. They likewise require warm administration and represent some security concerns. Pressure driven crossover innovation likewise is viewed as better than the electric half breed innovation, as indicated by the U.S. Natural Protection Agency (EPA); UPS is right now testing pressure driven half and half trucks for use in its ordinary armada. Auto organizations are likewise trying different advancements; in 2007, BMW plans to deliver 100 hydrogen vehicles for its 7 arrangement. BMW representative Andreas Klugescheid noticed that these vehicles won't be sold yet rather given to buyers who may â€Å"have a possible effect on making a hydrogen economy happen.† These vehicles will run on hydrogen or gas, contingent upon the driver’s inclination, which recognizes the restricted accessibility of hydrogen fuel and the challenges

Indian Textile Industry

Indian Textile IndustryStructure, Problems and Solutions Subject: Term Paper of Organization Management Under Guidance of Dr. Vinayshil Gautam Written By Jaimeen Rana Entry# 2012SMF6890 1 INDEX an) Introduction 3 b) History 3 c) Structure of Indian Textile Industry 3 d) Communication and Effectiveness 4 e) Problems looked by Textile Industry in India 5 f) Steps taken by government till now 7 g) Strategies for development 8 h) Conclusion 9 I) References 10 2 an) Introduction Indian Textile and Apparel Industry is second biggest producer on the planet with an expected fare estimation of US$ 34 billion and residential utilization of US$ 57 billion.It stands at number two situation in creating gigantic work for both taught and uneducated work in India. More than 350 lakh individuals are utilized in this industry in India. 14% of absolute modern creation is finished by this area. 4% of India’s GDP is gotten by this area. It contributes 17% to the India’s all out fare income. Top organizations in Textile industry in India: Bombay Dyeing Fabindia JCT Limited Welspun India ltd Lakshmi Mills Mysore Silk Factory Arvind Mills Raymonds Reliance Textiles Grasim Industries ) History India’s material industry advanced and created at a beginning period and its assembling innovation was perhaps the best one. India’s physically worked material machines were among the best on the planet, and filled in as a model for creation of the main material machines in recently industrialized nations like England. Marco Polo’s records demonstrate that Indian materials used to be sent out to numerous Asian nations. Materials have additionally contained a noteworthy part of the Portuguese exchange with India.These included weaved covers, tapestries and stops of weaved wild silk on a cotton or jute ground. A major accomplishment of Indian material industry prompted the establishment of the London East India Company in 1600, trailed by Dutch and French organiza tions. By 1670, there was not kidding interest for their legislatures to boycott the import of these cottons from India. The heritage of the Indian material industry originated from its riches in characteristic assets cotton, jute and silk. The innovation utilized was unrivaled and the aptitudes of the weavers gave the completed item a generally delightful and ethnic look. ) Structure of Indian Textile Industry The structure of this industry is mind boggling with the cutting edge, robotized and profoundly automated factory area on one side and hand turning and hand weaving (handloom segment) on the opposite side. The little scope power loom segment, which is decentralized, lies in the middle of the two. 3 Indian Textile Industry is partitioned into significant 3 fragments: 1) Cotton Textiles 2) Synthetic Textiles 3) Others (fleece, jute, silk and so on) Till today cotton materials are on top with 73% offer in complete Indian textiles.Coexistence of old innovations of hand working (t urning, weaving, and sewing) with the propelled programmed shafts and loom makes the structure of cotton material industry exceptionally intricate. Indian material industry comprises of little scope, non incorporated turning, weaving, sewing, texture completing and garments endeavors, which isn't the situation in different nations. This one of a kind structure is a direct result of government arrangements that have advanced work concentrated little scope tasks and victimized enormous scope associations. d) Communication and effectiveness:The study in regards to this was directed inside city of Coimbatore, which is considered â€Å"Manchester of South India†. Six material associations (3 little and 3 huge) were chosen inside the city. The goal of the investigation was to look at the distinction among little and enormous associations as far as structure, correspondence and adequacy. The distinction dependent on structure, correspondence and viability among huge and little assoc iations show that the two associations vary fundamentally concerning all measurements with the exception of interest in choice making.Large associations are progressively incorporated, formalized and representatives experience profoundly routine undertakings. With respect to correspondence design, little associations have progressively open correspondence while in enormous associations correspondence is increasingly exact. Concerning viability, huge associations are progressively successful as to all measurements aside from work contribution and occupation execution which are better in little associations. The impact of structure and correspondence factors on authoritative duty, work fulfillment, hierarchical execution and flexibility are increasingly articulated in enormous associations while moderate in little ones.Participation in dynamic procedure has a solid beneficial outcome on work fulfillment, responsibility, association execution and moderate constructive outcome on work e xecution. Errand routineness and formalization have low beneficial outcome on work inclusion and execution in huge firms. In little associations, centralization has a moderate negative impact on work fulfillment. Centralization has a low negative, task routineness has a low positive and formalization has a moderate negative impact on bunch processes.The impact of correspondence receptiveness is articulated on work fulfillment and execution. The negative impact of correspondence exactness is high on work association and gathering procedures and moderate on authoritative execution. 4 e) Problems looked by Textile Industry in India (1) Shortage of crude materials: Raw material decides 35 percent of the all out creation cost. The nation is shy of cotton, especially long-staple cotton which is imported from Pakistan, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Egypt, Tanzania, U. S. A. also, Peru.It is feel sorry for that in spite of biggest territory under cotton (26 percent of the world real esatate) the na tion represents just 9 percent of the world yield of cotton. Fluctuating costs and vulnerabilities in the accessibility of crude material reason low creation. (2) Obsolete hardware: In India a large portion of the cotton material plants are working with old and out of date apparatus. As indicated by one gauge in India more than 60 percent of the axles are over 25 years of age. The programmed looms represent just 18 percent of the absolute number of weaving machines the nation against the world normal of 62 percent and 100 percent in the United States.Obsolete apparatus prompts low yield and low quality of products because of which Indian material merchandise can't confront rivalry in the global market. (3) Power deficiency Textile plants are confronting intense lack of intensity. Supplies of coal are hard to acquire and visit cuts in power and burden shedding influence the business gravely. This prompts loss of worker hours, low creation and misfortune in the factories. (4) Low effi ciency of work: Low profitability is another serious issue of cotton material industry. On a verage an Indian assembly line laborer just handles 380 shafts and 2 weaving machines contrasted with 1,500-2,000 axles and 30 weavers Japan. On the off chance that the profitability of an American laborer is taken as 100, the comparing figure for U. K. is 51 and for India just 13. Additionally modern relations are not generally excellent in the nation. Strikes, cutbacks, conservations are the basic highlights of many cotton processes in the nation. (5) Competition in remote market: The Indian cotton material merchandise are confronting solid rivalry in outside business sectors from Taiwan, South Korea and Japan whose merchandise are less expensive and better in quality.It is extremely dumbfounding that in a nation where wages are low and cotton is inside accessible, creation expenses ought to be so high. While certain conventional purchasers of Indian material products like Myanmar, Indones ia, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia, Aden and so forth are confronting extreme equalization of exchange issue some European nations like France, Germany, U. K. furthermore, Austria and so forth have forced standard constraints over the Indian material imports. Intense world downturn has severely influenced the fare possibilities. (6) Competition from the decentralized division: A significant factor for the paddling infection of the plant area is the development of the decentralized part. Being a little scope segment, the Government permitted extract concessions and different benefits. These went with low wages have prompted minimal effort of creation in the decentralized division. 5 because of which the portion of factory segment is diminishing, while the portion of decentralized part is expanding. To such an extent that the portion of plant division in the creation of cotton textures has gone down from 7. 9 percent in 1994-95 (cf. power looms 69% and handlooms 21. 6%) to 4. 4per penny in 1999- 2000 (cf. ower looms 76. 3% and handlooms 19. 3%). (7) Government controls and overwhelming extract obligations: the cotton material industry has incredibly endured because of off-base and flawed strategies of the Government. In the past the Government has looked for control of value, dissemination of yarn, example of creation, and so forth. At one time the cost of the material was fixed by the Government beneath the expense of creation. Also under the yarn dissemination plan of 1972, the Government made it mandatory on all factories to flexibly 50 percent of the creation of yarn to the decentralized division at scaled down rates.The high import obligation on imported cotton, upward update of the cost of the indigenous cotton and overwhelming extract obligation on cotton fabrics are other hindering elements. Another issue of the plant segment is identified with the creation of controlled fabrics wherein factories are bringing about colossal misfortune. (8) Sick plants In India aroun d 130 cotton factories are wiped out and causing steady misfortunes. The Government has set up the National Textile Corporation (NTC) to run these debilitated plants. In spite of the fact that the administration has put away tremendous cash to restore and modernize these plants, however these factories are yet to become profitable.The NTC is confronting double issues of the outdated machine, y and abundance work in these factories. As per a working gathering of the Planning Commission the business needs Rs. 180. 55 crores for recovery and Rs. 630 cro

Marketing Lessons From German Companies In The UK

Marketing Lessons From German Companies In The UK Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Marketing Lessons From German Companies In The UKUpdated On 05/04/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : http://bit.ly/2ozlbOh CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWithin the last five years, Germany has been making headlines in the UK as companies such as Zalando, Lidl, Aldi, and Volkswagen successfully roll out country-specific marketing strategies and expansion plans in the region. In some cases, native businesses have been caught off-guard by the sudden popularity of these German brands.Whilst companies should focus heavily on their social media marketing â€" learning about how best to put it into practice and which platforms to use â€" they should also think about their brand and online reputation as a whole, and consider how to get their message across to those unfamiliar with their product or service.For other companies with commercial ambitions away from home soil, the rise of these four brands in the UK offers some useful lessons. When you’re thinking of your next marketing campaign, it’s worth taking a look at some aspects of these brand’s success stories to find out what has made them a hit.Embrace Being Different â€" Aldi and LidlIn recent times, Aldi pledged to create 35,000 jobs in the UK as it expanded operations across the English Isles to include 1,000 new stores. The discount supermarket is building on the success of its unique business model: to offer shoppers a small-scale, cheap shopping experience.But it wasn’t always so easy. In the beginning, both Aldi and Lidl had trouble convincing middle-class shoppers to enter their stores without feeling ashamed. Lidl’s successful Christmas advertising campaign did wonders to reverse this prejudice.Rather than deny their ‘classless’ reputation, the company used it to their advantage in the ‘Lidl Surprises’ campaign. In a series of ads, unwitting tasters at a farmers’ market were surprised to find they were eating â€" and enjoying â€" Lidl’s fresh produce.In fact, those shoppers who enjoy visiting their favorite community markets are also the type of people Lidl and Aldi are marketing to. Rather than filling a trolley with groceries for the whole week, these ‘basket shoppers’ make smaller purchases, more often. Lidl doesn’t have the charm of a local farmers’ market, but it nevertheless promises a similar experience regarding size and navigability.Lidl’s marketing pitch speaks volumes about accepting a brand’s less-than-stellar reputation and turning it into an advantage. The plan works: on social media networks, the discount supermarket has a huge fan base called ‘Lidlers’ who love to embrace their thrifty sides.Get Local Accreditation â€" ZalandoAfter just a few years, Zalando UK has progressed from a Berlin startup selling flip-flops to an e-commerce giant valued at well over $5 billion. The company’s success i n the UK is thanks in part to its efforts to get local accreditation.READRaising The Funds To Start Your Dream RestaurantIn January of 2015, Zalando started its partner program in the UK, which means it now sells attire from local, independent retailers alongside its own collections. Across Europe, over 170 brands already use the website as a stage to sell their products to local shoppers looking for something out-of-the-ordinary. It’s one way the retailer is building brand trust in the region.The draw for independent labels to sell through the marketplace is clear: increased exposure and sales. In exchange, Zalando’s public image improves overall, especially with local shoppers who are keen to support designers at home.In an article from Internet Retailing, Robert Schütze, UK country manager for Zalando, explains: We aim to increase local relevance by attracting more brands from the UK, whilst at the same time maintaining our high standards to create the best shopping experien ce for our customers.In the future, Schütze says, the company will continue to plant deeper roots in the region. The first partner has just been launched in the UK, and we want to continue working with more brands and retailers who fit our portfolio, fulfill our standards and bring something new to the Zalando website.Make a Splash â€" VolkswagenOne of Volkswagens marketing strategies combines the deliberate self-consciousness of Lidl with Zalando’s focus on earning local accreditation. In a TV advert that premiered in December of 2014, a bogus press meeting was staged to announce that singer Robbie Williams would be the new Head of Marketing for the automotive giant.The video reveals the company’s willingness to admit its German roots (typified by the catchphrase, ‘Das Auto’) and also embrace a famous pop icon in the UK. The result is an awkward but humorous encounter between two cultures, not only German and English but corporate and pop-cultural.Using a familiar face and voice such as Williams’ gives UK consumers an entry point into an overseas, albeit iconic, brand. This is a clever way to establish the product, without dumbing down the material for the audience (i.e. pretending Volkswagen is British).Indeed, for other companies with plans to open up branches abroad, these four German examples provide some helpful insights. The foremost lesson being, not to forget a brand’s identity, even in a foreign market, and at the same time, to engage the local public as much as possible.

Role of Fate in Tess of the DUrbervilles - 5058 Words

Thomas Hardy wrote this novel in the end of the last decade of the nineteenth century. This novel is remarkable like all the other Hardy’s novels for the tragic vision it indicates; there is a story which ends in a tragic manner. In so far as Hardy is concerned, he writes tragedy of fate which has a major role to play. This novel is almost like the Greek tragedy in the classical Greek tragedy in the sense that they wrote play in a way where Aristotle wrote Greek tragedy and other things. He was dealing particularly with plays. But the world view was essentially disastrous in tragedy mainly because in those Greek tragedies, the tragedy arose out of the dictates of fate. So, fate had decreed that it would be like this. And, because it was†¦show more content†¦So, the essential cause of the feud and the tragedy is different. But if we leave that apart then we find that the rest of the play has a different cause altogether. If we take any other story, we will find that story deals with the character of the protagonist which plays a major role in the tragedy; it is not chance or fate that plays the major role; it is the character. So, in Shakespeare the character is destiny. Again rather than destiny shaping the future of the human beings; it is the character which shapes destiny. So, if we take any play of that matter, even a play like Antony and Cleopatra where we find that Cleopatra is an Egyptian queen, Antony is a Greek general. So, this Greek general takes part of the kingdom which was conquered by Alexander. Antony falls in love with the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra. And Cleopatra on the other hand falls in love with Antony. So, they have a passionate love for each other. This love is neither liked by the Egyptians nor by the Greeks; therefore the Greeks invade on the Egyptian Queen, and during the course of the war we find Antony goes towards Cleopatra. So, he deserts his people; he wants to join Cleopatra although she is dying and that the Greeks have surrounded herShow MoreRelatedTragedy in Tess of the D’Urberville by Thomas Hardy Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesHardy’s novel Tes s of the D’Urberville is based on the tragedy of Tess’ life. Throughout the novel Tess goes through numerous amounts of suffering .Traditionally, it was believed that tragedy was due to hamartia. Aristotle described hamartia as a flaw that leads to the fall of the protagonist caused by mistake in a person’s behaviour. However, Tess does not have a flaw but she still suffers despite the fact that she did not do anything wrong. Hardy demonstrates that Tess is a woman in a patriarchalRead MoreInfluence Of God On The Fate Of Tess And The D Urbervilles1564 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence of God on the fate of Tess Durbeyville in â€Å"Tess and the D’Urbervilles† by analysing the use of character and theme - using evidence from the novel itself to support my conclusions. 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ADHD Psychosocial Treatments - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1795 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: ADHD essay Did you like this example? Introduction The Los Angeles Unified School District enrolls more than 640,000 students in Kindergarten-12th grade which includes children who are identified and referred to for special education. Special education programs are regulated by state and federal laws and under the California Education Code Section 56303 a student shall be referred for special education instruction and services only after the resources of the regular education program have been considered, and, where appropriate, utilized. Some disabilities that are covered under the law include but are not limited to intellectual disabilities, hearing impairments, speech or language impairments, and more. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "ADHD: Psychosocial Treatments" essay for you Create order Some children with a medical diagnosis may qualify for special education, but each case will vary. In order to qualify for special education services, the following criteria must be met: the student has at least one eligible disability, the disability must negatively impact the students academic performance, and the students disability requires special education and related services. The Individualized Education Program or IEP is an educational program that helps students make progress in their learning. A specialized team comprised of parents, teachers, and other participants determine the goals and interventions in the IEP. Under the California Education Code 56345l 5 C.C.R 3042(b), 3043, the IEP must meet several standards including but not limited to measurable annual goals, transition services, and special education and related services that benefit the student. To be referred for an IEP, a parental request must be turned in and the district will complete an assessment and schedule and IEP meeting. M.H. is a 4th-grade student at my school who was referred for an IEP in 2017 due to a diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The National Institute of Mental Health defines ADHD as a brain disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. The prevalence for ADHD is growing as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found, 6.1 million children between the ages of 2-17 were diagnosed with ADHD in 2016. ADHD is a covered disability under California law and M.H. has several modifications and services currently in place at his school. He was initially referred for an IEP from his 4th-grade-teacher who noticed that he had trouble paying attention in class. His parents became concerned and submitted a parent request form to the district in conjunction with seeing a psychologist. Family, Health, and Developmental History M.H and his father immigrated from Mexico when he was 3 years old to live with his mother and grandmother. M.H is an only child and spends most of his time with his grandmother due to his parents work schedule. He is an only child and lives with his mother, father, and maternal grandmother. In an interview with M.Hs parents, they said M.H is quiet at home and has few friends that are his age. He avoids answering his parents questions and loses things easily. M.H was born full-term and is in good physical health. His parents believe in a healthy diet and do not allow him to consume any artificial sugars. His medical records indicate that there is no history of hospitalizations or major illness. His most recent vision and hearing screenings are up to date and he displays no signs of visual or hearing impairment. M.Hs developmental milestones show that he is behind in several areas of development including social and emotional development. Its possible that having ADHD is a barrier for his learning and development which is negatively impacting him. He participates in age-appropriate activities such as playing soccer after school and independently functions in activities of daily lacing. In an interview with M.Hs teacher, she explained that he is very quiet and reserved, often not responding to her questions. She found that he has a difficult time concentrating in class, forgets his homework frequently, and does not stay on task for extended periods of time consistent with children his age. His academic performance has declined since the beginning of the year, mostly attributed to missing and incomplete assignments. School Nursing Assessment and Interventions My assessment of M.H. included utilizing his current state of health and functioning to create an appropriate intervention plan. In School Nursing: A Comprehensive Text, the school nurse can perform a variety of helpful interventions to support a student with ADHD and their family. The school nurse can increase the awareness of ADHD, provide support and refer appropriate resources, and recommend non-pharmacological interventions. I recommended improved communication and psychosocial development based off his IEP. These interventions included a daily journal for his assignments, encouraging positive recognition, and decreasing stimuli in his environment to decrease distractions. I can apply the Neumans System Model to M.H. and his family to determine the best way to approach M.Hs upcoming IEP evaluation. After I interviewed his father, I learned that they provide great care to him but are against medications. They want to support M.H. through non-pharmacological interventions and have a good relationship with their psychologist. His parents take turns taking him to the doctor, providing opportunities for exercise, and watching his diet. I learned that they have a strong desire to help M.H. succeed and recognize that there may be limitations because they do not want to medicate him. I respect their decision because it is what is best for their family and they have been involved in his IEP. After M.Hs diagnosis with ADHD, the school has implemented several adaptations for M.H. These interventions are placed in M.Hs classroom where he is allowed more frequent breaks, more time to work on assignments, and sits closely to his teacher so he can concentrate on what she is saying. His parents are also trying to get occupational therapy service for M.H. to improve his memory and attention. M.Hs upcoming IEP in December will include his parents, teachers, psychologist, and myself. To prepare myself for the IEP, I reviewed his developmental and health history and spoke with his parents and teachers about any health concerns. I am enthusiastic to learn about the different interventions the psychologist and teacher will recommend in the IEP because it will help me create interventions for children with ADHD in the future. I hope that the current intervention plan is effective and we will see improvement in towards his goals. Otherwise, we will modify the interventions as needed. Research Based off M.Hs parents desire to use non-pharmacological interventions, I found articles that supported their decision. The article I found, Behavior Management for School Aged Children with ADHD discusses how behavioral parent training interventions can impact the treatment for ADHD. The article states that, the need for treating children with ADHD during the school-age years is crucialfollow-up studies show that children with ADHD are at considerable risk for interpersonal and educational problems as they grow older as evidenced by frequent placement in special education classrooms, grade retention, school failure, early drop-out, and juvenile delinquency. These findings are consistent with the CDC that urge the importance of treating children with ADHD because it can impair several areas of their life including, school, relationships, and mental health. This article is useful because it discusses the effectiveness of behavior management interventions such as functional behavioral analysis and parent-children interaction alterations. It found that negative parent-child interactions are common in families where the child has ADHD. Behavior Management Training is a technique for children with ADHD or other behavioral issues that teaches families to focus on positive reinforcement to improve child behaviors and relationships. This is a key point that I can discuss with M.Hs parents in their upcoming IEP to encourage them to utilize this approach. In contrast, I was curious to see how effective medications were in treating ADHD in school aged-children. The article, Efficacy of methylphenidate, psychosocial treatments and their combination in school-aged children with ADHD: a meta-analysis found that both medications and psychosocial treatments were effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD. However, research also found that psychosocial treatments alone are just as effective in terms of improvement of social behavior ad in reducing ADHD symptoms. The limitations of the study include its small sample size of only 185 children and is dated back to 2007. However, I found this article to be helpful to support M.Hs parents decision against medication. Although medication can be helpful to reduce the symptoms of ADHD, there can be side adverse side effects. In the future, I would recommend parents to explore all their options before making a decision on treatment and to fully understand the side effects of any medications their child w ould take. Conclusion Working on this case study helped my understanding of ADHD and its impact on the individual and their family. M.Hs case was a less severe case because he was only exhibiting symptoms of ADHD-Inattentive. However, it still caused significant impairment in his learning which led to an IEP. After speaking with M.Hs parents, I realized how difficult it can be on parents to keep up with the treatment. Since he is an only child, they are devoting all their time and resources to help him succeed. I can imagine that it would be much more difficult if the family dynamic was different such as having a single parent or multiple siblings. I appreciated learning about M.Hs situation because I feel more prepared to assess students in the future who may have or have ADHD. I also admire the parents tenacity to stand up for their beliefs and honor what is best for their family. It can be confusing to have multiple treatment plans, but I will encourage families in the future to ask questions, utilize their resources, and to try different modes of treatment to find the best fit. References Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml ADHD: Inattentive Type. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/adhd-inattentive-type#1 Assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Retrieved from https://www.nursingtimes.net/roles/childrens-nurses/assessment-of-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/205375.article Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (2018, September 19). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/facts.html District Information / District Information. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://achieve.lausd.net/about Oord, S. V., Prins, P., Oosterlaan, J., Emmelkamp, P. (2008). Efficacy of methylphenidate, psychosocial treatments and their combination in school-aged children with ADHD: A meta-analysis.Clinical Psychology Review,28(5), 783-800. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.10.007 Pfiffner, L. J., Haack, L. M. (2014). Behavior management for school-aged children with ADHD.Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America,23(4), 731-46. Resources for Parents and Instructors. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.specialeducationguide.com/ Selekman, J., Selekman, J. (2013). Chapter 16 Growth and Development: Preschool, School Age, and Adolescents. In School Nursing: A Comprehensive Text FA Davis Company.

Peace and Conflict Advocating the Use of Non-Violoent...

When we are trying to attain world peace, we must first start with peace between individuals as these relationships are the building blocks of society and nations. Peace can be achieved by non-violent means or by the use of lethal force. This essay will explore notions of peace and conflict, advocating the use of non-violent means for resolving conflict. The environmental and social cost of lethal force is very high and unsustainable. Never the less, there are situations when justice requires the use of lethal force and examples of these will be discussed. The paper will conclude with the argument that ongoing life enhancing structural reform is required for the management and the prevention of future violent conflicts throughout the†¦show more content†¦Now that we have an understanding of what peace is, what then is conflict and how do we resolve it? What is conflict? The Oxford Dictionary defines conflict â€Å"as an encounter with arms, a fight, especially a prolonged struggle†, (as mentioned in Tillet, 1991, p.1). The Chinese symbol of crisis has two characters, one representing danger and the other representing opportunity, (Lantieri, L. Patti, J.1996, p.53). Michael Banks claims that conflict is necessary, as it provides the catalyst for change and progress in society. Peace education’s aim shouldn’t be to abolish conflict, but to facilitate its healthy expression and to bring it within society’s control, (as cited in Sandole Sandole-Staroste, 1987, p. 260). Karl Marx was one the first people to analyse conflict, believing that people are creative and generally cooperative, but who face the tyranny of capitalism. Marx believed that conflict between the bourgeoisie (the owners of capital and means of production) and the proletariat (the working class) would lead to a revolution, whereby the workers would over throw the owners, (Scimecca, 1993, p.214). John Burton speaks of conflict resulting from inherent basic human needs being unmet and as a perception of incompatible values between the parties, that can only be resolved through structural changes, (Tillet, 1991,

Ibn Battuta free essay sample

His travels lasted for about thirty years, after which he returned to his homeland, Morocco. Ibn Juzay was his scribe recording all of his Rihla- His voyage. In the year 1369 C. E Ibn-Battuta died. Ibn Battuta was the only medieval traveller who is known to have visited the lands of every Muslim ruler of his time. Also it is known that Ibn-Battuta travelled for approximately 75,000 miles. In this Secondary source Biography you will find out more about Ibn-Battuta himself and his travels. Ibn-Battuta Ibn Battuta was born in a rich family of scholars in Tangier, Morocco. His original plan was to be a judge. After his studying, Ibn Battuta decided to make his first pilgrimage to Makkah for Hajj. Makkah was about 3000 miles away and the journey would take more then a year. So, Ibn Battuta set off in 1325 CE. He was amazed of what he saw, inspired by this, Ibn Battuta then decided to spend his life traveling. However, he made two rules for himself: 1. Only to visit the Muslim world. 2. Never to travel any road a second time. So he began by first exploring the lands of the Middle East. Then he sailed down the Red Sea to Makkah. He crossed the huge Arabian Desert and traveled to Iraq and Iran. In 1330 CE, he set of again, down the Red Sea to Aden and then along the coast of East Africa to Tanzania. Then in 1332 CE, Ibn Battuta decided to go to India. He was welcomed by the Sultan of Delhi- AKA ‘The shadow of God’, and was given the job of a judge from him. He stayed in India for approximately 8 years; then left for China. He survived wars, shipwrecks, and rebellions. Finally, he returned home at Tangier in 1349 CE. Ibn Battuta left for another adventure. In 1352 CE, he went south, crossed the Sahara desert, and visited the African kingdom of Mali. He got back to Morocco in 1354 CE. He had traveled for about 30 years and more then 75,000 miles had been explored, he also managed to meet sixty different Islamic rulers. His First Trip On Hajj In June 1325, when he was twenty one years old, Ibn Battuta set off from his hometown to perform his first Hajj, this journey took 16 months, and it meant he would not see Morocco again for 24 years. He journeyed to Makkah by foot across land, and followed the North African coast. His route passed through the city of Tlemcen and all the way through to Tunis, where he stayed for two months. Ibn Battuta knew he would of got attacked if he didn’t join a caravan, so he chose to join a caravan so he wouldn’t be attacked. After he had completed his Hajj, he continued his exploration through out the lands. A group of pilgrims going on Hajj. People on Hajj, circling the Ka’aba as part of their ritual. His travels Over the 30 years of Ibn Battuta’s travellinf, he managed to travel to: West, North and East Africa, to Arabia, Russia, India and China. This was over 112,000 kilometres that Ibn Battuta had travelled successfully, in just as little as 30 years of his life. In April 1326 Ibn Battuta reached Cairo in Egypt. Cairo was the capital city of the Mamluks-Soldiers brought from Turkey to serve as slaves in the Egyption army. In 1250 they took control and ruled Egypt until 1811. Cairo had claimed to be the heart of the muslim world in the fo urteenth century. This was because it had over 500,000 inhabitants. airo was filled with beatuiful stone Palaces and mosques set amidst sprawling alleys. As Ibn Battuta pressed his way through the people, donkeys and camels on its densely crowded streets; he saw markets bustling with butchers, goldsmiths, leatherworkers, candle makers and countless other trader selling their products. Maps The red lines show Ibn Battuta’s route around the Muslim World. The green line shows Ibn Battuta’s footsteps. His Return Home After returning home from his travels in 1354 and at the encouragement of the Sultan of Morocco- Abu Inan Faris. Ibn Battuta dictated an account of his journeys to Ibn Juzayy, a scholar who he had met previously in Granada. The account, recorded by Ibn Juzayy, is the only primary source of information on his adventure. Ibn Battuta returned to Morocco through the route of his first Hajj, on the way he was told that his father had died. Ibn Battuta was very sad after this tradgedy. Thinking situations couldn’t get any worse, a few months later, he discovered the death of his mother also.

Government Spending & Budget Essays - Fiscal Policy,

Government Spending & Budget As many Federal departments and agencies lurch into an era of running without funds, the leaders of both parties of Congress are spending less and less time searching for a compromise to balance the budget, and more and more time deciding how to use it to their advantage on the campaign trail. Meanwhile money is easily borrowed to pay for government overhead. In an attempt to change this, on June 29, Congress voted in favor of HConRes67 that called for a 7 year plan to balance the Federal Budget by the year 2002 (Hager 1899). This would be done by incorporating $894 billion in spending cuts by 2002, with a projected 7 year tax cut of $245 billion. If this plan were implemented, in the year 2002, the U.S. Government would have the first balanced budget since 1969. There is doubt by citizens that a balanced budget will become reality. A recent Gallop Poll from January, 1996 showed the budget as the #1 concern among taxpayers, but 4/5 of those interviewed said they doubt the GOP will do the job (Holding 14). Meanwhile, an ABC poll from November reported that over 70% of those polled disapprove of the current performance by Congress, and most blamed politicians for failure to take action (Cloud 3709). These accusations of failure to follow through come with historical proof that Congress and Clinton have failed to compromise and resolve the issue. After all, current budget plans are dependent on somewhat unrealistic predictions of avoiding such catastrophes as recession, national disasters, etc., and include minor loopholes. History has shown that every budget agreement that has failed was too lax. One might remember the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings bill that attempted to balance the budget, but left too many exemptions, and was finally abandoned in 1990 (Weinberger 33). So after a pain-staking trial for GOP Republicans to create, promote, and pass their budget, as promised on campaign trail 94, Clinton rejected the very bill he demanded. This essentially brought the federal budget back to square one. Clinton thought such a demand on Republicans to produce a budget would produce inner-party quarrels and cause the GOP to implode. Instead, they produced a fiscal budget that passed both houses of Congress, only to be stalemated by a stubborn Democratic President Clinton. Meanwhile, Clinton bounced back with a CBO scored plan with lighter, less risky cuts to politically sensitive areas like entitlements. Clinton's plan also saved dollars for education and did not include a tax increase, but most cuts would not take effect until he is out of office, in the year 2001. Although Clinton is sometimes criticized for producing a stalemate in budget talks, the White House points out that the debt has gone down since Clinton took office, with unemployment also falling. Republicans are quick to state that Clinton originally increased taxes in 1993 and cut defense programs, but his overall plan was for an increasing budget without deficit reduction. Startling Facts about the budget: As of 1996, the national debt was at an all time high of $5 trillion dollars, with interest running at a whopping $250 billion per year (Rau M-1). This equals out to an individual responsibility of more than $50,000 per taxpayer. Nearly 90% of that debt has accumulated since 1970, and between 1980 and 1995, the debt grew by 500%. Currently, the debt grows by more than $10,000 per second (Rau M-l), and at current rates, a baby born in 1992 will pay 71% of his or her income in net taxes. At current rates, our government is about to reach its breaking point. If that's not enough to scare a taxpayer, by 2002, 60% of government spending will be for entitlements, and by 2012, these programs are projected to take up all government revenue (Dentzer 32). Not only economic development, but also family income is hurt by debt. With the cost of living going up, it becomes harder to find a job. According to the Concord Coalition, real wages peaked in 1973 and have gone down ever since. If the economy grew as fast as it did in 1950, without a debt, the median family income would be $50,000, compared to the present median

Journeys End by Robert Cedric Sherriff - Letter From Stanhope to Raleighs Parents

Journeys End by Robert Cedric Sherriff - Letter From Stanhope to Raleighs Parents Journeys End Letter24th March 1917Somewhere inFranceDear Mr and Mrs RaleighI'm deeply sorry to inform you that your son has been killed in action. Jimmy was killed on the 21st of this month. Jimmy had just been put on duty on the front line the Germans had been making a big push for a few hours by the time Jimmy had took his duty. There guns shelled us relentlessly. A shell dropped just in front of our line and exploded sending shrapnel flying all over. A piece of shrapnel unfortunately hit jimmy in the back, he was quickly picked up by two soldiers and me. We carried him down into the dugout; he was in no pain at all. Jimmy asked for some water I gave him a mug full, then we lay there for several minutes reminiscing over the good times I and he had had.Jimmy Dean and Large DogsHe then asked for a candle, he has always been afraid of the dark. By the time I appeared back at his side he was gone he had peacefully slipped away.Raleigh had only been with the company a small time but he had already made many friends. He used to sit with the men in the front doing work when he needn't to. A lot of the men admired him and my generals often complementing him on his intelligence and enthusiastic attitude. Raleigh participated in a successful raid on the German line where he led ten men he successfully captured a machine gun and bundled a German across no mans land, for his brave efforts that helped the English war campaign he received a Military Cross. I feel deeply saddened by Jimmy's death he will be greatly missed by me and my men. Jimmy was a superb...

Pit Stop Case Report Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pit Stop Report - Case Study Example Though the company was expecting to generate cash flows from the restructuring of the company, it had to incur $52 million cost due to the termination of the operating leases or due to the closure of the pit shops. The report is an attempt to analyze that the closure of the operations should be classified as discontinued operation, and to establish which procedure should be undertaken by the company in that situation. Closure of the Pit Store Auto World had two different segments: the Auto Boyz centre and the pit stop centers. The company submits their financial statements as per the US GAAP method. They followed the requirements as mentioned in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) standards. As per the FASB statement number 131, the company discloses its financial reporting about different statements (FASB, â€Å"Summary of Statement no. 131†). It has been found in the financial statements of the company that the company’s net sales and operating earnings ar e mentioned segment-wise. As per the FASB standard 146, the company also meets the criteria and it has to reveal the costs associated with the retirement or disposal of assets (FASB, â€Å"NEWS RELEASE 07/30/02†). ... flows after disposal and the cash flows can be classified as direct cash flows, then the operations cannot be referred to as discontinued operations. When the company is generating cash flows after disposal and the generated cash flows can be classified as indirect cash flows, then the operation can be called as discontinued operations. In the case of Auto World, the company is not generating cash flows which can be classified as direct cash flows, so the operation can be classified as discontinued cash flows (Jarnagin 36-37). Due to the closing of the pit stop shops, the company management estimated that the restructuring and other charges would be $52 million. The charges were due to the termination of the operating leases and also included some other costs. The accountants of the company should not include this cost as the cost in the segment of the pit stop centre because the cost is from the discontinued operation. So the accountants should include and disclose this cost in the income statement of the company for the next quarter. Recommendation The decision of the management is right as they want all of their services to be available under one roof, which will be more profitable for them and attractive to customers. To avoid the pre tax of $52 million, the company management should use the pit stop stores as stores including both the pit stop stores and the Auto Boyz centers. They should continue operating until the contract with the lessor is terminated, and then they can relocate their branch or extend the contract with the lessor. In this process they don’t have to incur the cost due to the termination of the operating lease, but they have to incur little cost due to the stoppage of operation and the relocation of stores. Conclusion Auto World has taken the

Short Essay Response Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Short Response - Essay Example Sustainability, however, is hard to attain in urban areas, where cities with high population density equate to large production of wastes and rapid consumption of natural resources. One of the most pressing problems facing urban planners today is how to create sustainable urban communities and to bring existing non-sustainable communities to the path of sustainability. Some of the potential avenues toward solving the issue of sustainability are creating a new city that is similar to a town in walkability and closed-loop metabolism, but a global one, because of the use of technology and modern networks in attaining its sustainability goals; understanding the unique strengths and constraints of every urban community for urban planning/redesign; and incorporating ecological concepts and principles in how urban communities are perceived, which require collaboration across all main stakeholders, including the government, the business community, citizens, and other related professionals. The historical roots of these problems on sustainability are the vast industrialization across the world during the past centuries and the free-market philosophy of liberal economics and capitalism that disregard sustainability principles. Industrialization, since the eighteenth century up to now (as it goes in more in developing countries), has resulted to widespread exploitation of natural resources and workers alike (WCED 354). As the Brundtland report summarizes: â€Å"Thus today’s environmental challenges arise both from the lack of development and from the unintended consequences of some forms of economic growth† (WCED 354). In urban design, it means converting agricultural areas to manufacturing/commercial/residential/entertainment sites and creating high-rise cities where population is more compact and where resources are swiftly consumed.

Haitian Vodou Essay Example for Free

Haitian Vodou Essay Vodou, A Haitian religion deeply rooted in colonialism stems from several African sources, which have constructed and maintained a hybrid Africana and European diaspora in the Caribbean. In an effort to preserve African tradition and spiritual belief, slaves in Haiti prior to the Haitian Revolution of 1791, established and developed the heterogeneous religion known as Vodou. As Vodou became a more prominent aspect of slave culture in Haiti the hybridization between traditional Africana religion and European religion fashioned a new system of belief. The fusion of Catholicism from Europe and African religions make up one of the most influential religions in Haiti today, in fact Vodou plays an imperative role in Haitian life. In addition to having a tremendous effect on Haitian religious practices, Vodou also plays a fundamentally important role in driving Haitian politics, economics, community, and social relations. From a student and non-Haitian perspective I seek to obtain knowledge on how Vodou has and continues to play a detrimental role in every aspect of Haitian life. Through analyzing and cross-examination of several texts it appears that without boundaries Vodou is important. Before delving into how Vodou effects nearly every aspect of Haitian culture I would like to first analyze the importance of understanding the roots and origin of a belief and practice that has become such a prominent aspect of Haitian life. In the eighteenth century the slave trade in Haiti ushered in a number of African slaves from various groups. These groups of African people brought with them to Haiti their traditions, beliefs, and lifestyles. In â€Å"Haitian Vodou† of Creole Religions of the Caribbean, the authors state that the slave trade was in fact the European way of â€Å"destroying all cultural connections† to the homelands of the slaves (Fernandez-Olmos and Paravisini-Gerbert 101). European slave owners and slave traders thought it necessary to force European ideals and beliefs onto their slaves, ridding and dismantling the beliefs and tradition of their native land. In this respect the slave trade played a significant role in the creation of Vodou, catalyzing Afro-European syncretism into a new belief system. Vodou began as a way for slaves to hold on to their cultural beliefs, and helped refute the impositions of Catholic religion that the French attempted to employ, as they saw it necessary to condition African slaves to their lifestyle (102). In my opinion Afro-European syncretism is one of the more complex and intriguing religious developments as it pertains to Vodou. In Voodoo Africa’s Secret Power author Gert Chesi describes the fusion of African and European culture stating that slaves brought with them the gods of Africa to the Caribbean where they then blended with the Saints and other Catholic and Christian symbols (Chesi 231). The imposition of Catholic and Christian beliefs by Europeans onto African slaves made it nearly impossible for African slaves to remain entirely devoted to their home land beliefs and traditions. African slaves in Haiti adopted Vodou as a means of maintaining their traditional beliefs, however, Christian and Catholic ideals were still important influential factors in the establishment of Vodou. The spirits often associated with Vodou known, as Lwa are similar to Saints in the Catholic Church. Slaves in Haiti dealt with the pressures of forcibly having to adapt to European religion by integrating their belief system with that of the European belief system. I think that Slaves in Haiti used Vodou as a stabilizing factor in Haitian culture. The ritual and practice that developed through the integration of European tradition with African tradition ensures that African tradition will remain considerably important regardless of the fact that Europeans once tried to dismantle African tradition and impose Western tradition on those slaves living in Haiti. Vodou serves as a mechanism for passing on tradition from generation to generation. In Voodoo: Truth and Fantasy the author states that Vodou has emerged as a vibrant cultural force in twenty-first century Haiti (Hurbon 126). This statement supports the idea that Vodou has and continues to have a role in Haitian life and Haitian culture. Vodou has undoubtedly helped restore an almost lost identity to African slaves in Haiti, and has allowed generation after generation to know and understand the beliefs of the homeland from which their ancestors originated. The foundation of many Haitian affairs may not be solely rooted in Vodou, however, the religion holds weight in many political spheres throughout Haiti. Starting from the moment of its development, Vodou has been politically important to Haiti. In fact, its very creation resulted from various political, cultural, and religious â€Å"struggles for freedom† (33). After analyzing the roots of Vodou it has become quite apparent that Vodou played an important role during Haiti’s revolutionary period. During and before the Haitain revolution Vodou was used as a means of protecting and politicizing the interest of Haitian slaves. From that time forward Haitian people have continued to use Vodou as a political tool to protect their interests and assets. Vodou has indeed been subjected to â€Å"persecution at the hands of both Church and state† leaving many non-believers and outsiders to attribute negative connotations to Vodou as a whole (117). In 1835 Vodou began to publically suffer from political ostracizing under president Jean-Pierre Boyer who passed a penal code that called for the imprisonment of six months to two years for followers of Vodou practicing superstitious act (118). It seems to me that the reason behind the ban on Vodou practices not only stemmed from political issues occurring at the time, but also from past political experiences in Haiti. Hurbon does not mention Boyer’s reasoning behind implementing a penal code, therefore allowing one to speculate whether or not Boyer, although Haitian had ties to France. The reason I bring this point to light is because for one, Jean-Pierre Boyer sounds relatively French and secondly Boyer implemented a code that put restrictions on a religion that has roots deep within African culture. In addition to dealing with the idea of possible imprisonment, if caught practicing Vodou, Haitians also faced the possibility of abandoning and giving up the African culture and belief that was associated with Vodou. In response to government restrictions some Haitians created secret societies in order to keep the bonds of Vodou ritual and ties to kinship in motion. In 1957 President Francois Duvalier also known as â€Å"Papa Doc† started a political rehabilitation for Vodou (118). Duvalier’s involvement in Vodou was for the soul purpose of engaging the Lwa through ceremonies in order to gain the Lwas’ good will and also to spark enthusiasm in those who practice Vodou. Papa Doc’s presidency marked a period characterized by dark magic and sorcery. This period in Haitian history displays the negative aspects often associated with Vodou. In my opinion President Francois Duvalier’s understanding of Vodou curtails from misinterpretation and misuse. Duvalier did not seem to grasp the reasoning behind certain Vodou rituals and ceremonies, using them only as a way to advance himself politically. During Duvalier’s reign Haiti saw tremendous political change resulting from the misunderstanding or misuse of Vodou. On one hand Jean-Pierre Boyer refused to let any one in Haiti practice Vodou because of the negative connotations surrounding the religion. On the other hand Francois Duvalier used Vodou to bolster his political appeal, which dismantled the meaning and reasoning behind the ceremonies and rituals performed by those who practiced and truly understood and appreciated the meaning that those Vodou acts carry. In Creole Religions of the Caribbean, the authors mention that within Vodou practices the chief communicators that draw â€Å"konesans† or connaissance/knowledge are the Oungand and the Manbo (Fernandez-Olmos and Paravisini-Gerbert 107). The Oungand and the Manbo are believed to receive knowledge passed down from the Lwa. The Oungand and the Manbo act as political leaders and have rural political power within their own community because the ability to communicate with the Lwa is looked up to. In Michel Laguerre’s book Voodoo and Politics the author states that Francois Duvalier used the political power of the Oungand and the Manbo to establish legitimacy among those who practiced Vodou (Laguerre 87). Today Vodou can be represented in popular culture as dark, sadistic, and involving many acts of superstition, denying it a position central to Haitian culture. However, despite the misconceptions surrounding Vodou today many religious works are carried out by Haitian elites. This goes to show yet another transformation in Haitian politics, and Vodou’s role in shaping a new system of life. From my examination of the texts that emphasized Vodou’s relationship to Haitian politics I have concluded that Vodou does in fact affect politics in Haitian communities and Haiti as a whole. The relationship between Vodou and Haitian economics is a long-standing phenomenon that has existed prior to the Haitian revolution in 1791 and continues to exist today. The slave trades influence on the creation of Vodou links the existence of the religion and also the economics involved between masters and sellers of slaves. During this time the Haitian economy was being stimulated by the slave trade. As the slaves grew weary, a number of rebellions occurred and Vodou greatly affected the plantation economy that the Haitian people originally were forced into. According to Omos and Gerbert, the economy in Haiti shifted from one of plantation to that of a â€Å"rural economy† of â€Å"subsistent farmers† working their own lands (Fernandez-Olmos and Paravisini-Gerbert 103). Vodou practices and rituals play an important role in shaping and maintaing Haitian economics. The initiation and sacrificial rituals performed by many Vodou sects involve a great amount of â€Å"financial sacrifice† (Fernandez-Olmos and Paravisini-Gerbert 117). From my examination of several texts, including that of Olmos and Gerbet I have concluded that preparation for the many Vodou festivals, initiations, and temple gatherings are intensive and call for many financial sacrifices from those who may already be financially unstable. Animal sacrifice plays an important role in the finances of Haitian people. In Voodoo Africa’s Secret Power the author, Gert Chesi, included various photographs of Haitian Vodou sacrifices and rituals. Many of the photographs throughout Chesi’s book showed the sacrificing of cattle, sheep, and chicken. The cross-examination of various texts did not leave me with much information on the Haitian economy as it related to Vodou, however, I was able to infer that the economic sacrifices made by Haitian people were performed in order to obtain personal advancements or for the betterment of the community as a whole. Some sacrifices were performed to win the protection and trust of the Lwa spirits, and some sacrifices were performed in hopes that the Lwa would shed some rain to strengthen planation production. I think that the Haitian economy and the Vodou religion are dependent on each other. The dependency I see in the relationship stems from the fact that without an economy like the one in Haiti, Vodou would not be as prominent or even meaningful to the Haitian people. The economy as it is creates a buffer for Vodou as a religion. The economy allows for Haitians to use their beliefs and connections with the spirits to envoke hope, or optimism that the plantation life in Haiti will somehow flourish. This claim can be supported through the existence of rituals performed for protection, knowledge, and even rainfall. In Hurbon’s, Olmos’ and Gebert’s, Chesi’s, Laguerre and Michel’s and Smith’s descriptions of Vodou in Haitian culture one thing is for certain, Vodou has and continues to influence communities through and through. In Chesi’s pictorial account of Vodou in Haiti one can see pictures of various ways that the religion is linked to community. In one picture, Chesi captured a ritual being performed near a beach where one individual was having a ritual performed on him (ritual not clear from picture) while dozens of his Vodou community member looked on and supported him. What puzzles me the most is how instinctual and ritualized Vodou actually is. Chesi’s pictures show dozens and dozens of Haitian people flocking to support another Vodou practice, but for what reason? Why do these members feel so indebted to one another? From my observation the answer to this question comes from the simple fact that Vodou needs a sense of community mong its members to remain relevant. It was from the simple yearning to keep tradition relevant that Vodou stemmed, so it appears to me that the idea of community or family has been long standing, even deep within Vodou’s African roots. Hurbon’s choice of words within Voodoo: Truth and Fantasy shed’s lite on the communal aspect of Vodou a little differently. Like Chesi, Hurbon acknowledges the importance of community, even stating that Vodou â€Å"bring families together in large gatherings, a festive way of ensuring that religious traditions will endure† (Hurbon 14). In Hurbon’s text it appears that the family and passing of tradition from generation to generation is in fact important to the survival of Vodou. In my examination of Hurbon’s text it seemed as though Hurbon was promoting a balance of kinship and communal ties. Hurbon states that it is important to have family agreement in order to have a positive communal bond. One aspect of Hurbon’s text was that Vodou was often referred to as â€Å"a cult dedicated to spirits. † Hurbon did not let the wording of her description interfere with the way information was conveyed, however, I found it quiet bias that she would call Vodou a cult. Personally I associate the word cult with negative connotations. It is unclear whether Hurbon planned on conveying Vodou in a negative light, but one thing is for certain a cult describes a group of people or the communal bond that Vodou encourages. In Michel’s and Smith’s book, Voodou in Haitian Life and Culture: Invisible Powers, The authors proceed to explain how the â€Å"magical† or â€Å"superstitious† aspect of Vodou conveys a sense of community among its supporters. The authors show that not only is Vodou practice a family effort, but a community effort as well. Smith and Michel both depict a type of Vodou were literally everyone in a community is involved. From small children to the eldest members of a community, all play an important role in carrying on and performing the tradition of Vodou culture. The elaborate rituals and preparation described by the authors is only made possible through communal efforts. From my understanding of the community in Vodou culture, it appears that only through community and unity can tradition be kept alive. Despite any negative connotations Vodou may have, each author showed how important Vodou is in respects to several aspects of Haitian culture. Vodou is not only a religious matter, but also a political, economic, and social one as well. On May 14, 2013 guest lecturer Carnie Fabious stated, â€Å"Vodou is a way of life. † This statement alone sums up what Vodou was, and what Vodou continues to be in regards to Haitian culture. Fabious’ words show the importance that Vodou plays in all aspects of Haitian life, and demonstrates how relative the religion is to such a vast group of people.

Qualitative and Quantitative Research Essays -- Evaluation Methods

Introduction This essay aims to cover two main focus points. The first section of this essay will take an in depth look at the major differences between two research methods – Qualitative and Quantitative. I will explore when and why they are used for specific types of research and how they apply to some types of work more effectively. The second area for this essay will be based around the research question- what factors contribute to you feeling anxious during sport or exercise? I will then go on to show that the best method to use to analyse this will be by using qualitative research, and then how it can be applied to it to extract all relevant information from it. Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods The qualitative and quantitative research methods are divided by many fundamental differences. You could suggest that these two research methods represent the two different ends of a linear spectrum. Qualitative research looks to deal with the in depth, word based side of research whereas on the other end of the spectrum quantitative research works predominantly with number based research and statistics. Birley and Moreland (1998) support this by saying that â€Å"the two methodologies reflect various paradigms and that the theoretical model that each method uses to conduct the research come from different areas†. Qualitative research involves the consideration of emotions and thought processes concerning certain situations, whilst quantitative data collection sets about using statistics and numbers to determine the results (Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, & Health Professions). In addition, qualitative research gives a more detailed view of a situation compared to quantitative, which only collects discrete d... ... European Journal of Sport Science. 8 (3), p143. Holt, N.L and Mandigo, J.L. (2004). Coping with performance worries among youth male cricket players. Journal of sport behaviour. 27 (1) p39-57 Kerr, J and Grange, P. (2010). Physical aggression in Australian football: A qualitative study of elite athletes. Psychology of Sport & Exercise. P11 Open Coding (No date). Available from http://www.researchproposalsforhealthprofessionals.com/open_coding.htm(06/03/12) Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ‘quantitative analysis’ 2009, in Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, & Health Professions, Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA Silverman, D: (2006) What is qualitative research?. Interpreting qualitative data: methods for analyzing talk, text and interaction. 3rd ed., London: Sage. p.48

Persuasive Speech Outline and Annotated Bibliography Essay

Organizational Pattern: I.Introduction a.Attention Getter: When I was about seven years old, I made one of the best decisions of my young life, and I didn’t even realize it at the time b.Reason to Listen: Sports are a big part of most of our lives. You don’t want to be stuck being a fan of the wrong team c.Thesis Statement: If you live in Grand Rapids, the Chicago Bears are obviously the best football team to be a fan of d.Credibility Statements: I’ve been a Chicago Bears fan for most of my life and I’ve also read a bunch of different books, magazine articles and news stories about the Bears e.Preview of Main Points: I’m going to talk with you today about the history of the Bears, about some of the great football players that have played in Chicago and I’ll end with my final, irrefutable arguments as to why you should be a Bears fan II.Body a.History i.Founded in 1920 (Taylor 2005) ii.Helped create NFL (Taylor 2004) iii.Many championships b.Players i.George Halas ii.Walter Payton (ESPN 2005) iii.Dick Butkus (NFL.com 2010) iv.26 Hall of fame players (Creamer 2001) c.Irrefutable arguments i.Do you really want to remain a Lions fan? ii.Better stadium iii.Better city iv.Lions are just bad III.Conclusion a.Review of Main Points: I’ve talked to you about the history of the Bears, the great players they’ve had and the fact that the Lions are just bad b.Restate Thesis: If you live in Grand Rapids, the Chicago Bears are obviously the best football team to be a fan of c.Closure: This past weekend was just another example of why I’m right. The Lions were ahead of the Bears at one point in the game. All of my friends who are Lions fans were texting me and laughing. In the end though, the Lions lost yet again. Let’s spread the word and stop the madness. No more Go Lions. It’s time for Go Bears! Annotated Bibliography Creamer, C. (2001, November). Chicago bears. In Sportsecyclopedia.com. Retrieved December 5, 2010, from http://www.sportsecyclopedia.com/nfl/chicago/bears.html This webpage is a quick summary of each of the Chicago Bears seasons since the year they were founded in 1920. It also lists interesting information such as hall of fame players, number of championships and retired numbers. ESPN. (2005, September 5). Top 10 NFL players. In ESPN.com. Retrieved December 5, 2010, from http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2152421 This article shows the results of a compilation of top ten lists from ESPN NFL experts. The experts made lists of who they thought were the top ten players of all time. The article goes on to give a brief description of each of the players and what made them great. NFL.com. (2010). The top 100: NFL’s greatest players. In NFL.com. Retrieved December 5, 2010, from http://top100.nfl.com/ This article shows the results of the top 100 NFL players as voted on by a blue-ribbon panel of experts according to NFL.com. It shows the rank of the panel as well as the rank of the fans. Many of the players have an  accompanying video highlighting their great careers. Taylor, R. (2004). Chicago Bears History (pp. 7-86). Chicago: Arcadia Publishing. Retrieved December 5, 2010 This book is a history of the Chicago Bears from when they were founded in 1920 by George Halas. The author, Roy Taylor, is a journalist and lifelong Bears fan and he recounts some of the legends of the NFL through his love of the Bears. From the Bears humble beginnings that helped create the NFL as we know it today to the current Bears teams. The author talks about some of the great players that have spent their careers in Chicago. Taylor, R. (2005). Chicago Bears Lore. In Chicago Bears History. Retrieved December 5, 2010, from http://www.bearshistory.com/lore/index.aspx This webpage gathers together some information about the Bears and their great players and has links to stories written specifically about the some of the most notable. It also provides a brief history of the Bears, where and when they were founded and some of the teams through the years.

Analysis Of The Play A Doll House - 919 Words

Being in a situation where a person is unable to control their actions or thoughts is difficult. Whether it may have been during the 1800s or 1900s, humans experience this unpredictable event. For instance, in the play A Doll House, Nora was a wife who held a deep, darkening secret in which she chose to keep hidden from her husband. During the play entitled Trifles, Mrs. Hale came to the decision to remove evidence from the scene in order to not allow officials of the county to predict what may have actually happened to John Wright during his unsuspected death. Although both plays generalize similar themes of hidden secrets, readers are able to compare and reflect on the motivation, economical status, and time period of both Nora and Mrs. Hale. Behind your actions, is a thought of motivation in, which allowed you to fully engage one into an activity or decision. Nora, in the play entitled A Doll House, began as a woman of innocence. Considering that Nora loved her family and husband in great depth, others were well aware that she lived a nearly perfect life. As her husband became ill and needed assistance, Nora searched in a different region from where they held their residency to seek the assistance needed. While seeking for financial assistance to enable her husband to become well, Nora soon asked for a small loan from Nils Krogstad whom had currently held the position of bank clerk. The loan was fairly simple to receive, although it required a co-signer. While deciding toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Play A Doll House 1613 Words   |  7 Pagesmost of them wanted something more from life. A play â€Å"A Doll House† by Henrik Ibsen, poem â€Å"Living in Sin† by Adrienne Rich, and short play â€Å"Beauty † by Carla Bethany introduce us to four different women characters. Living in different times, they prove that women were always strong and independent even though they were not always treated that way. 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