Ford Hybrid Car Case Bass Essay

Prior to starting any case, understudies should familiarizeâ themselves with the model being utilized. Promoting Engineering for Excel accompanies instructional exercises that show the capacity of each model. The instructional exercise can be found under each model inside the MEââ€" ºXL menu subsequent to beginning Excel. These instructional exercises areâ designed to work with our OfficeStar models which are situated in the My Marketing Engineering registry, for the most part introduced in My Documents during programming installation. There is no outer informational index related with this case; every fundamental datum are incorporated thus. Ford’s Hybrid Future In September 2006, Alan Mulally had quite recently taken over as the CEO of Ford, the fifth biggest enterprise in the United States. Passage was in a tough situation, just like the whole American car industry, incompletely because of the fast increment in normal gas costs from $1.10 per gallon for standard, unleaded gas in January 2002 to more than $2.50 per gallon in September 2006, as indicated by the Energy Information Administration. Game utility vehicles and trucks, the backbones of Ford’s product offering, no longer had the profundity of shopper advance they had before. Ford’s stock cost had declined over 30% from September 2004, and for the 2006 monetary year, Ford administrators were anticipating lost nearly $6 billion from progressing tasks; combined with rebuilding costs, the absolute anticipated misfortunes came to roughly $9 billion. Through its â€Å"Way Forward† plan, Ford declared buyout offers for 75,000 hourly laborers and wanted to cut 30% of its 35,000 salaried representatives in the United States. Despite the fact that these cost-sparing measures would improve gainfulness, at last, Ford expected to win in the commercial center to recover its past status; to win, it needs to take extraordinary market-arranged activities. As mostly Forward arrangement, the past CEO (and current Chair) William Clay Ford at first reported that the organization would manufacture 250,000 half breed vehicles yearly by 2010. Presently Mulally is reconsidering that dedication: Would it be sufficient? Would that be excessively? He needs a speedy and solid response to this inquiry before choosing how commandingly to push the half and half vehicle program inside Ford. Mulally likewise perceives that the advances and assembling frameworks that help half and half vehicles are developing increasingly modern, and organizations, for example, Toyota and Honda, with their head begins in these zones, may move all the more rapidly down the expectation to absorb information, delivering their vehicles all the more economically and in more prominent volumes, which would make it hard for different organizations to make up for lost time to them. To design Ford’s long haul interests in the half breed vehicle business, Mulally needs a 1 0-year estimate of the general U.S. cross breed Copyright  © 2008 by DecisionPro, Inc. To arrange duplicates or solicitation authorization to imitate materials, go to www.decisionpro.biz. No piece of this distribution might be replicated, put away in a recovery framework, utilized in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any structure or using any and all means †electronic, mechanical, copying, recording or in any case †without the consent of DecisionPro, Inc.â market, the world’s biggest customer of gas, alongside relating estimates for the deals of Ford’s half breed vehicles on the off chance that they are made accessible to the market. Foundation A mixture vehicle is a car controlled by two sources: (1) an inside ignition motor or diesel motor, as in a standard vehicle, and (2) an electric engine. In any case, cross breed vehicles don't should be energized by means of electric fittings; rather, they get charge from the development of the haggles the produced active vitality through a procedure called regenerative slowing down. Half and half vehicles give higher mileage by requiring a less amazing motor than a practically identical ordinary vehicle and help preserve nonrenewable wellsprings of vitality, for example, diesel or fuel. The littler motor in the half and half vehicle is incredible enough to move the vehicle along on the road, yet when it needs to quicken or get up a precarious slope, it needs the help of the electric engine and battery to support the force yield. Half and half vehicles work a lot of like standard vehicles and make little distinction regarding how they are driven, topped off with gas, or overhauled. Be that as it may, half and half vehicles commonly cost roughly $3,000 more than similar ordinary vehicles (base cost of $25,000 to $30,000) and offer a 10†15% improvement in gas mileage. The genuine investment funds rely upon the driving propensities for the client; slow quickening, drifting, and the utilization of voyage control help increment mileage. Albeit numerous specialists have anticipated that half breeds will be the vehicles of things to come, it stays hard to foresee their fame with purchasers and, thusly, their gainfulness for auto organizations. Inside the previous barely any years, cross breed vehicles have gone from being oddities, purchased to a great extent by tree huggers and innovation situated shoppers, to speak to a set up, however little, some portion of the car scene. As per J.D. Force and Associates, cross breeds establish roughly 1.5% of the absolute U.S. light-vehicle showcase, yet deals have been developing rapidly as different fragments have deteriorated or fallen. Deals in 2005 of 205,000 units were more than twofold the 2004 deals levels. An ongoing study by J.D. Force likewise uncovers that 57% of customers who hope to procure another vehicle inside the following two years will think about a mixture. Around the world, roughly 800 million vehicles and light trucks are in activity, and 240 million of the se are in the United States. By 2020, 1 billion vehicles and light trucks are relied upon to be being used around the world. Every one of these vehicles could in the end be supplanted by half and half vehicles. Notwithstanding customer interest for cross breed vehicles, vehicle manufacturers’ enthusiasm for half and half vehicles is driven by CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) guideline, as indicated by which an automaker must keep up a base mileage of 27.5 miles per gallon (mpg) across traveler vehicles in its product offering and 20.7 mpg across light trucks. The U.S. Congress shows up liable to increase these expectations later on because of cultural weights; as per a few specialists, the CAFE normal may ascend to 35 mpg or higher by 2020 over the whole product offering (i.e., including all traveler vehicles and light trucks created by the maker). Half and half vehicles offer the chance to raise gas mileage adequately to meet this prerequisite, and in this manner, most vehicle makers have either propelled cross breed vehicles or reported designs to do as such. An automobile producer that neglects to fulfill the guideline must take care of a punishment to the government, which a few organizations, including BMW, Porsche, and Ferrari, have paid in 2006. 1 1 The punishment for neglecting to satisfy CAFE guidelines is $5.50 per tenth of a mile for every gallon under the objective. Hence, a producer that produces vehicles that normal 2 miles beneath the objective and sells 10,000 vehicles in a given year will pay a fine of $1,100,000 for that year. In 2006, BMW paid a fine of $5.1 million. Portage HYBRID CAR CASE 2/8 Anticipating Considerations The outline in Exhibit 1, from www.hybridcars.com, delineates the assortment of sentiments in regards to deals gauges for cross breed vehicles. The dark line shows cross breed deals proceeding at their present pace, decided in the time since half breeds initially were presented in 2000. Considering the future five-year time period, J.D. Force gauges are well underneath the line, while others (e.g., D.O.E., Freedonia Group, BoozAllen) foresee more extensive open acknowledgment of cross breeds. Show 1: Forecasts for Hybrid Cars The wide variety in gauges mirrors some essential vulnerabilities encompassing this innovation and market: Innovation vulnerabilities: Many elective advancements offer diverse value/execution focuses. The gasâ€electric cross breed is the most widely recognized; elective innovations incorporate unadulterated electric vehicles and energy component vehicles. Elective fills may be utilized in nonhybrid vehicles and could pick up prevalence, influencing customers from purchasing half breeds. Some elective energizes at present being used incorporate E85 (a 85% ethanol mix), clean diesel, and petroleum gas. For 2006, Ford expanded its creation of four vehicles that can run on a blend of fuel and E85 (i.e., F-150 pickup trucks, Ford Crown Victorias, Mercury Grand Marquis, and Lincoln Towncars). In a 2005 KPMG study of 140 senior auto officials, 88% anticipated that gasâ€electric crossovers would pick up piece of the pie. Indeed, even inside the gasâ€electric half and half market, automakers apply the cross breed innovation at different levels. For instance, Honda and Toyota make all out cross breed vehicles, while General Motors slid into the division with a downsized, more affordable half and half innovation that despite everything required some fuel to control the transmission. A FORD HYBRID CAR CASE 3/8 discovery in battery innovation may make a shakeout among the elective advances. As indicated by the Department of Energy, either lithium particle or lithium polymer batteries may offer the best future innovations. Lithium particle batteries have about double the vitality of NiMH (nickelâ€metal†hydride) batteries however require huge hardware to forestall cheating and undercharging. They likewise require warm administration and represent some security concerns. Pressure driven crossover innovation likewise is viewed as better than the electric half breed innovation, as indicated by the U.S. Natural Protection Agency (EPA); UPS is right now testing pressure driven half and half trucks for use in its ordinary armada. Auto organizations are likewise trying different advancements; in 2007, BMW plans to deliver 100 hydrogen vehicles for its 7 arrangement. BMW representative Andreas Klugescheid noticed that these vehicles won't be sold yet rather given to buyers who may â€Å"have a possible effect on making a hydrogen economy happen.† These vehicles will run on hydrogen or gas, contingent upon the driver’s inclination, which recognizes the restricted accessibility of hydrogen fuel and the challenges

Indian Textile Industry

Indian Textile IndustryStructure, Problems and Solutions Subject: Term Paper of Organization Management Under Guidance of Dr. Vinayshil Gautam Written By Jaimeen Rana Entry# 2012SMF6890 1 INDEX an) Introduction 3 b) History 3 c) Structure of Indian Textile Industry 3 d) Communication and Effectiveness 4 e) Problems looked by Textile Industry in India 5 f) Steps taken by government till now 7 g) Strategies for development 8 h) Conclusion 9 I) References 10 2 an) Introduction Indian Textile and Apparel Industry is second biggest producer on the planet with an expected fare estimation of US$ 34 billion and residential utilization of US$ 57 billion.It stands at number two situation in creating gigantic work for both taught and uneducated work in India. More than 350 lakh individuals are utilized in this industry in India. 14% of absolute modern creation is finished by this area. 4% of India’s GDP is gotten by this area. It contributes 17% to the India’s all out fare income. Top organizations in Textile industry in India: Bombay Dyeing Fabindia JCT Limited Welspun India ltd Lakshmi Mills Mysore Silk Factory Arvind Mills Raymonds Reliance Textiles Grasim Industries ) History India’s material industry advanced and created at a beginning period and its assembling innovation was perhaps the best one. India’s physically worked material machines were among the best on the planet, and filled in as a model for creation of the main material machines in recently industrialized nations like England. Marco Polo’s records demonstrate that Indian materials used to be sent out to numerous Asian nations. Materials have additionally contained a noteworthy part of the Portuguese exchange with India.These included weaved covers, tapestries and stops of weaved wild silk on a cotton or jute ground. A major accomplishment of Indian material industry prompted the establishment of the London East India Company in 1600, trailed by Dutch and French organiza tions. By 1670, there was not kidding interest for their legislatures to boycott the import of these cottons from India. The heritage of the Indian material industry originated from its riches in characteristic assets cotton, jute and silk. The innovation utilized was unrivaled and the aptitudes of the weavers gave the completed item a generally delightful and ethnic look. ) Structure of Indian Textile Industry The structure of this industry is mind boggling with the cutting edge, robotized and profoundly automated factory area on one side and hand turning and hand weaving (handloom segment) on the opposite side. The little scope power loom segment, which is decentralized, lies in the middle of the two. 3 Indian Textile Industry is partitioned into significant 3 fragments: 1) Cotton Textiles 2) Synthetic Textiles 3) Others (fleece, jute, silk and so on) Till today cotton materials are on top with 73% offer in complete Indian textiles.Coexistence of old innovations of hand working (t urning, weaving, and sewing) with the propelled programmed shafts and loom makes the structure of cotton material industry exceptionally intricate. Indian material industry comprises of little scope, non incorporated turning, weaving, sewing, texture completing and garments endeavors, which isn't the situation in different nations. This one of a kind structure is a direct result of government arrangements that have advanced work concentrated little scope tasks and victimized enormous scope associations. d) Communication and effectiveness:The study in regards to this was directed inside city of Coimbatore, which is considered â€Å"Manchester of South India†. Six material associations (3 little and 3 huge) were chosen inside the city. The goal of the investigation was to look at the distinction among little and enormous associations as far as structure, correspondence and adequacy. The distinction dependent on structure, correspondence and viability among huge and little assoc iations show that the two associations vary fundamentally concerning all measurements with the exception of interest in choice making.Large associations are progressively incorporated, formalized and representatives experience profoundly routine undertakings. With respect to correspondence design, little associations have progressively open correspondence while in enormous associations correspondence is increasingly exact. Concerning viability, huge associations are progressively successful as to all measurements aside from work contribution and occupation execution which are better in little associations. The impact of structure and correspondence factors on authoritative duty, work fulfillment, hierarchical execution and flexibility are increasingly articulated in enormous associations while moderate in little ones.Participation in dynamic procedure has a solid beneficial outcome on work fulfillment, responsibility, association execution and moderate constructive outcome on work e xecution. Errand routineness and formalization have low beneficial outcome on work inclusion and execution in huge firms. In little associations, centralization has a moderate negative impact on work fulfillment. Centralization has a low negative, task routineness has a low positive and formalization has a moderate negative impact on bunch processes.The impact of correspondence receptiveness is articulated on work fulfillment and execution. The negative impact of correspondence exactness is high on work association and gathering procedures and moderate on authoritative execution. 4 e) Problems looked by Textile Industry in India (1) Shortage of crude materials: Raw material decides 35 percent of the all out creation cost. The nation is shy of cotton, especially long-staple cotton which is imported from Pakistan, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Egypt, Tanzania, U. S. A. also, Peru.It is feel sorry for that in spite of biggest territory under cotton (26 percent of the world real esatate) the na tion represents just 9 percent of the world yield of cotton. Fluctuating costs and vulnerabilities in the accessibility of crude material reason low creation. (2) Obsolete hardware: In India a large portion of the cotton material plants are working with old and out of date apparatus. As indicated by one gauge in India more than 60 percent of the axles are over 25 years of age. The programmed looms represent just 18 percent of the absolute number of weaving machines the nation against the world normal of 62 percent and 100 percent in the United States.Obsolete apparatus prompts low yield and low quality of products because of which Indian material merchandise can't confront rivalry in the global market. (3) Power deficiency Textile plants are confronting intense lack of intensity. Supplies of coal are hard to acquire and visit cuts in power and burden shedding influence the business gravely. This prompts loss of worker hours, low creation and misfortune in the factories. (4) Low effi ciency of work: Low profitability is another serious issue of cotton material industry. On a verage an Indian assembly line laborer just handles 380 shafts and 2 weaving machines contrasted with 1,500-2,000 axles and 30 weavers Japan. On the off chance that the profitability of an American laborer is taken as 100, the comparing figure for U. K. is 51 and for India just 13. Additionally modern relations are not generally excellent in the nation. Strikes, cutbacks, conservations are the basic highlights of many cotton processes in the nation. (5) Competition in remote market: The Indian cotton material merchandise are confronting solid rivalry in outside business sectors from Taiwan, South Korea and Japan whose merchandise are less expensive and better in quality.It is extremely dumbfounding that in a nation where wages are low and cotton is inside accessible, creation expenses ought to be so high. While certain conventional purchasers of Indian material products like Myanmar, Indones ia, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia, Aden and so forth are confronting extreme equalization of exchange issue some European nations like France, Germany, U. K. furthermore, Austria and so forth have forced standard constraints over the Indian material imports. Intense world downturn has severely influenced the fare possibilities. (6) Competition from the decentralized division: A significant factor for the paddling infection of the plant area is the development of the decentralized part. Being a little scope segment, the Government permitted extract concessions and different benefits. These went with low wages have prompted minimal effort of creation in the decentralized division. 5 because of which the portion of factory segment is diminishing, while the portion of decentralized part is expanding. To such an extent that the portion of plant division in the creation of cotton textures has gone down from 7. 9 percent in 1994-95 (cf. power looms 69% and handlooms 21. 6%) to 4. 4per penny in 1999- 2000 (cf. ower looms 76. 3% and handlooms 19. 3%). (7) Government controls and overwhelming extract obligations: the cotton material industry has incredibly endured because of off-base and flawed strategies of the Government. In the past the Government has looked for control of value, dissemination of yarn, example of creation, and so forth. At one time the cost of the material was fixed by the Government beneath the expense of creation. Also under the yarn dissemination plan of 1972, the Government made it mandatory on all factories to flexibly 50 percent of the creation of yarn to the decentralized division at scaled down rates.The high import obligation on imported cotton, upward update of the cost of the indigenous cotton and overwhelming extract obligation on cotton fabrics are other hindering elements. Another issue of the plant segment is identified with the creation of controlled fabrics wherein factories are bringing about colossal misfortune. (8) Sick plants In India aroun d 130 cotton factories are wiped out and causing steady misfortunes. The Government has set up the National Textile Corporation (NTC) to run these debilitated plants. In spite of the fact that the administration has put away tremendous cash to restore and modernize these plants, however these factories are yet to become profitable.The NTC is confronting double issues of the outdated machine, y and abundance work in these factories. As per a working gathering of the Planning Commission the business needs Rs. 180. 55 crores for recovery and Rs. 630 cro

Marketing Lessons From German Companies In The UK

Marketing Lessons From German Companies In The UK Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Marketing Lessons From German Companies In The UKUpdated On 05/04/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : http://bit.ly/2ozlbOh CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWithin the last five years, Germany has been making headlines in the UK as companies such as Zalando, Lidl, Aldi, and Volkswagen successfully roll out country-specific marketing strategies and expansion plans in the region. In some cases, native businesses have been caught off-guard by the sudden popularity of these German brands.Whilst companies should focus heavily on their social media marketing â€" learning about how best to put it into practice and which platforms to use â€" they should also think about their brand and online reputation as a whole, and consider how to get their message across to those unfamiliar with their product or service.For other companies with commercial ambitions away from home soil, the rise of these four brands in the UK offers some useful lessons. When you’re thinking of your next marketing campaign, it’s worth taking a look at some aspects of these brand’s success stories to find out what has made them a hit.Embrace Being Different â€" Aldi and LidlIn recent times, Aldi pledged to create 35,000 jobs in the UK as it expanded operations across the English Isles to include 1,000 new stores. The discount supermarket is building on the success of its unique business model: to offer shoppers a small-scale, cheap shopping experience.But it wasn’t always so easy. In the beginning, both Aldi and Lidl had trouble convincing middle-class shoppers to enter their stores without feeling ashamed. Lidl’s successful Christmas advertising campaign did wonders to reverse this prejudice.Rather than deny their ‘classless’ reputation, the company used it to their advantage in the ‘Lidl Surprises’ campaign. In a series of ads, unwitting tasters at a farmers’ market were surprised to find they were eating â€" and enjoying â€" Lidl’s fresh produce.In fact, those shoppers who enjoy visiting their favorite community markets are also the type of people Lidl and Aldi are marketing to. Rather than filling a trolley with groceries for the whole week, these ‘basket shoppers’ make smaller purchases, more often. Lidl doesn’t have the charm of a local farmers’ market, but it nevertheless promises a similar experience regarding size and navigability.Lidl’s marketing pitch speaks volumes about accepting a brand’s less-than-stellar reputation and turning it into an advantage. The plan works: on social media networks, the discount supermarket has a huge fan base called ‘Lidlers’ who love to embrace their thrifty sides.Get Local Accreditation â€" ZalandoAfter just a few years, Zalando UK has progressed from a Berlin startup selling flip-flops to an e-commerce giant valued at well over $5 billion. The company’s success i n the UK is thanks in part to its efforts to get local accreditation.READRaising The Funds To Start Your Dream RestaurantIn January of 2015, Zalando started its partner program in the UK, which means it now sells attire from local, independent retailers alongside its own collections. Across Europe, over 170 brands already use the website as a stage to sell their products to local shoppers looking for something out-of-the-ordinary. It’s one way the retailer is building brand trust in the region.The draw for independent labels to sell through the marketplace is clear: increased exposure and sales. In exchange, Zalando’s public image improves overall, especially with local shoppers who are keen to support designers at home.In an article from Internet Retailing, Robert Schütze, UK country manager for Zalando, explains: We aim to increase local relevance by attracting more brands from the UK, whilst at the same time maintaining our high standards to create the best shopping experien ce for our customers.In the future, Schütze says, the company will continue to plant deeper roots in the region. The first partner has just been launched in the UK, and we want to continue working with more brands and retailers who fit our portfolio, fulfill our standards and bring something new to the Zalando website.Make a Splash â€" VolkswagenOne of Volkswagens marketing strategies combines the deliberate self-consciousness of Lidl with Zalando’s focus on earning local accreditation. In a TV advert that premiered in December of 2014, a bogus press meeting was staged to announce that singer Robbie Williams would be the new Head of Marketing for the automotive giant.The video reveals the company’s willingness to admit its German roots (typified by the catchphrase, ‘Das Auto’) and also embrace a famous pop icon in the UK. The result is an awkward but humorous encounter between two cultures, not only German and English but corporate and pop-cultural.Using a familiar face and voice such as Williams’ gives UK consumers an entry point into an overseas, albeit iconic, brand. This is a clever way to establish the product, without dumbing down the material for the audience (i.e. pretending Volkswagen is British).Indeed, for other companies with plans to open up branches abroad, these four German examples provide some helpful insights. The foremost lesson being, not to forget a brand’s identity, even in a foreign market, and at the same time, to engage the local public as much as possible.

Role of Fate in Tess of the DUrbervilles - 5058 Words

Thomas Hardy wrote this novel in the end of the last decade of the nineteenth century. This novel is remarkable like all the other Hardy’s novels for the tragic vision it indicates; there is a story which ends in a tragic manner. In so far as Hardy is concerned, he writes tragedy of fate which has a major role to play. This novel is almost like the Greek tragedy in the classical Greek tragedy in the sense that they wrote play in a way where Aristotle wrote Greek tragedy and other things. He was dealing particularly with plays. But the world view was essentially disastrous in tragedy mainly because in those Greek tragedies, the tragedy arose out of the dictates of fate. So, fate had decreed that it would be like this. And, because it was†¦show more content†¦So, the essential cause of the feud and the tragedy is different. But if we leave that apart then we find that the rest of the play has a different cause altogether. If we take any other story, we will find that story deals with the character of the protagonist which plays a major role in the tragedy; it is not chance or fate that plays the major role; it is the character. So, in Shakespeare the character is destiny. Again rather than destiny shaping the future of the human beings; it is the character which shapes destiny. So, if we take any play of that matter, even a play like Antony and Cleopatra where we find that Cleopatra is an Egyptian queen, Antony is a Greek general. So, this Greek general takes part of the kingdom which was conquered by Alexander. Antony falls in love with the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra. And Cleopatra on the other hand falls in love with Antony. So, they have a passionate love for each other. This love is neither liked by the Egyptians nor by the Greeks; therefore the Greeks invade on the Egyptian Queen, and during the course of the war we find Antony goes towards Cleopatra. So, he deserts his people; he wants to join Cleopatra although she is dying and that the Greeks have surrounded herShow MoreRelatedTragedy in Tess of the D’Urberville by Thomas Hardy Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesHardy’s novel Tes s of the D’Urberville is based on the tragedy of Tess’ life. Throughout the novel Tess goes through numerous amounts of suffering .Traditionally, it was believed that tragedy was due to hamartia. Aristotle described hamartia as a flaw that leads to the fall of the protagonist caused by mistake in a person’s behaviour. However, Tess does not have a flaw but she still suffers despite the fact that she did not do anything wrong. Hardy demonstrates that Tess is a woman in a patriarchalRead MoreInfluence Of God On The Fate Of Tess And The D Urbervilles1564 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence of God on the fate of Tess Durbeyville in â€Å"Tess and the D’Urbervilles† by analysing the use of character and theme - using evidence from the novel itself to support my conclusions. 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ADHD Psychosocial Treatments - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1795 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: ADHD essay Did you like this example? Introduction The Los Angeles Unified School District enrolls more than 640,000 students in Kindergarten-12th grade which includes children who are identified and referred to for special education. Special education programs are regulated by state and federal laws and under the California Education Code Section 56303 a student shall be referred for special education instruction and services only after the resources of the regular education program have been considered, and, where appropriate, utilized. Some disabilities that are covered under the law include but are not limited to intellectual disabilities, hearing impairments, speech or language impairments, and more. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "ADHD: Psychosocial Treatments" essay for you Create order Some children with a medical diagnosis may qualify for special education, but each case will vary. In order to qualify for special education services, the following criteria must be met: the student has at least one eligible disability, the disability must negatively impact the students academic performance, and the students disability requires special education and related services. The Individualized Education Program or IEP is an educational program that helps students make progress in their learning. A specialized team comprised of parents, teachers, and other participants determine the goals and interventions in the IEP. Under the California Education Code 56345l 5 C.C.R 3042(b), 3043, the IEP must meet several standards including but not limited to measurable annual goals, transition services, and special education and related services that benefit the student. To be referred for an IEP, a parental request must be turned in and the district will complete an assessment and schedule and IEP meeting. M.H. is a 4th-grade student at my school who was referred for an IEP in 2017 due to a diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The National Institute of Mental Health defines ADHD as a brain disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. The prevalence for ADHD is growing as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found, 6.1 million children between the ages of 2-17 were diagnosed with ADHD in 2016. ADHD is a covered disability under California law and M.H. has several modifications and services currently in place at his school. He was initially referred for an IEP from his 4th-grade-teacher who noticed that he had trouble paying attention in class. His parents became concerned and submitted a parent request form to the district in conjunction with seeing a psychologist. Family, Health, and Developmental History M.H and his father immigrated from Mexico when he was 3 years old to live with his mother and grandmother. M.H is an only child and spends most of his time with his grandmother due to his parents work schedule. He is an only child and lives with his mother, father, and maternal grandmother. In an interview with M.Hs parents, they said M.H is quiet at home and has few friends that are his age. He avoids answering his parents questions and loses things easily. M.H was born full-term and is in good physical health. His parents believe in a healthy diet and do not allow him to consume any artificial sugars. His medical records indicate that there is no history of hospitalizations or major illness. His most recent vision and hearing screenings are up to date and he displays no signs of visual or hearing impairment. M.Hs developmental milestones show that he is behind in several areas of development including social and emotional development. Its possible that having ADHD is a barrier for his learning and development which is negatively impacting him. He participates in age-appropriate activities such as playing soccer after school and independently functions in activities of daily lacing. In an interview with M.Hs teacher, she explained that he is very quiet and reserved, often not responding to her questions. She found that he has a difficult time concentrating in class, forgets his homework frequently, and does not stay on task for extended periods of time consistent with children his age. His academic performance has declined since the beginning of the year, mostly attributed to missing and incomplete assignments. School Nursing Assessment and Interventions My assessment of M.H. included utilizing his current state of health and functioning to create an appropriate intervention plan. In School Nursing: A Comprehensive Text, the school nurse can perform a variety of helpful interventions to support a student with ADHD and their family. The school nurse can increase the awareness of ADHD, provide support and refer appropriate resources, and recommend non-pharmacological interventions. I recommended improved communication and psychosocial development based off his IEP. These interventions included a daily journal for his assignments, encouraging positive recognition, and decreasing stimuli in his environment to decrease distractions. I can apply the Neumans System Model to M.H. and his family to determine the best way to approach M.Hs upcoming IEP evaluation. After I interviewed his father, I learned that they provide great care to him but are against medications. They want to support M.H. through non-pharmacological interventions and have a good relationship with their psychologist. His parents take turns taking him to the doctor, providing opportunities for exercise, and watching his diet. I learned that they have a strong desire to help M.H. succeed and recognize that there may be limitations because they do not want to medicate him. I respect their decision because it is what is best for their family and they have been involved in his IEP. After M.Hs diagnosis with ADHD, the school has implemented several adaptations for M.H. These interventions are placed in M.Hs classroom where he is allowed more frequent breaks, more time to work on assignments, and sits closely to his teacher so he can concentrate on what she is saying. His parents are also trying to get occupational therapy service for M.H. to improve his memory and attention. M.Hs upcoming IEP in December will include his parents, teachers, psychologist, and myself. To prepare myself for the IEP, I reviewed his developmental and health history and spoke with his parents and teachers about any health concerns. I am enthusiastic to learn about the different interventions the psychologist and teacher will recommend in the IEP because it will help me create interventions for children with ADHD in the future. I hope that the current intervention plan is effective and we will see improvement in towards his goals. Otherwise, we will modify the interventions as needed. Research Based off M.Hs parents desire to use non-pharmacological interventions, I found articles that supported their decision. The article I found, Behavior Management for School Aged Children with ADHD discusses how behavioral parent training interventions can impact the treatment for ADHD. The article states that, the need for treating children with ADHD during the school-age years is crucialfollow-up studies show that children with ADHD are at considerable risk for interpersonal and educational problems as they grow older as evidenced by frequent placement in special education classrooms, grade retention, school failure, early drop-out, and juvenile delinquency. These findings are consistent with the CDC that urge the importance of treating children with ADHD because it can impair several areas of their life including, school, relationships, and mental health. This article is useful because it discusses the effectiveness of behavior management interventions such as functional behavioral analysis and parent-children interaction alterations. It found that negative parent-child interactions are common in families where the child has ADHD. Behavior Management Training is a technique for children with ADHD or other behavioral issues that teaches families to focus on positive reinforcement to improve child behaviors and relationships. This is a key point that I can discuss with M.Hs parents in their upcoming IEP to encourage them to utilize this approach. In contrast, I was curious to see how effective medications were in treating ADHD in school aged-children. The article, Efficacy of methylphenidate, psychosocial treatments and their combination in school-aged children with ADHD: a meta-analysis found that both medications and psychosocial treatments were effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD. However, research also found that psychosocial treatments alone are just as effective in terms of improvement of social behavior ad in reducing ADHD symptoms. The limitations of the study include its small sample size of only 185 children and is dated back to 2007. However, I found this article to be helpful to support M.Hs parents decision against medication. Although medication can be helpful to reduce the symptoms of ADHD, there can be side adverse side effects. In the future, I would recommend parents to explore all their options before making a decision on treatment and to fully understand the side effects of any medications their child w ould take. Conclusion Working on this case study helped my understanding of ADHD and its impact on the individual and their family. M.Hs case was a less severe case because he was only exhibiting symptoms of ADHD-Inattentive. However, it still caused significant impairment in his learning which led to an IEP. After speaking with M.Hs parents, I realized how difficult it can be on parents to keep up with the treatment. Since he is an only child, they are devoting all their time and resources to help him succeed. I can imagine that it would be much more difficult if the family dynamic was different such as having a single parent or multiple siblings. I appreciated learning about M.Hs situation because I feel more prepared to assess students in the future who may have or have ADHD. I also admire the parents tenacity to stand up for their beliefs and honor what is best for their family. It can be confusing to have multiple treatment plans, but I will encourage families in the future to ask questions, utilize their resources, and to try different modes of treatment to find the best fit. References Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml ADHD: Inattentive Type. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/adhd-inattentive-type#1 Assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Retrieved from https://www.nursingtimes.net/roles/childrens-nurses/assessment-of-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/205375.article Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (2018, September 19). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/facts.html District Information / District Information. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://achieve.lausd.net/about Oord, S. V., Prins, P., Oosterlaan, J., Emmelkamp, P. (2008). Efficacy of methylphenidate, psychosocial treatments and their combination in school-aged children with ADHD: A meta-analysis.Clinical Psychology Review,28(5), 783-800. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.10.007 Pfiffner, L. J., Haack, L. M. (2014). Behavior management for school-aged children with ADHD.Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America,23(4), 731-46. Resources for Parents and Instructors. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.specialeducationguide.com/ Selekman, J., Selekman, J. (2013). Chapter 16 Growth and Development: Preschool, School Age, and Adolescents. In School Nursing: A Comprehensive Text FA Davis Company.

Peace and Conflict Advocating the Use of Non-Violoent...

When we are trying to attain world peace, we must first start with peace between individuals as these relationships are the building blocks of society and nations. Peace can be achieved by non-violent means or by the use of lethal force. This essay will explore notions of peace and conflict, advocating the use of non-violent means for resolving conflict. The environmental and social cost of lethal force is very high and unsustainable. Never the less, there are situations when justice requires the use of lethal force and examples of these will be discussed. The paper will conclude with the argument that ongoing life enhancing structural reform is required for the management and the prevention of future violent conflicts throughout the†¦show more content†¦Now that we have an understanding of what peace is, what then is conflict and how do we resolve it? What is conflict? The Oxford Dictionary defines conflict â€Å"as an encounter with arms, a fight, especially a prolonged struggle†, (as mentioned in Tillet, 1991, p.1). The Chinese symbol of crisis has two characters, one representing danger and the other representing opportunity, (Lantieri, L. Patti, J.1996, p.53). Michael Banks claims that conflict is necessary, as it provides the catalyst for change and progress in society. Peace education’s aim shouldn’t be to abolish conflict, but to facilitate its healthy expression and to bring it within society’s control, (as cited in Sandole Sandole-Staroste, 1987, p. 260). Karl Marx was one the first people to analyse conflict, believing that people are creative and generally cooperative, but who face the tyranny of capitalism. Marx believed that conflict between the bourgeoisie (the owners of capital and means of production) and the proletariat (the working class) would lead to a revolution, whereby the workers would over throw the owners, (Scimecca, 1993, p.214). John Burton speaks of conflict resulting from inherent basic human needs being unmet and as a perception of incompatible values between the parties, that can only be resolved through structural changes, (Tillet, 1991,

Ibn Battuta free essay sample

His travels lasted for about thirty years, after which he returned to his homeland, Morocco. Ibn Juzay was his scribe recording all of his Rihla- His voyage. In the year 1369 C. E Ibn-Battuta died. Ibn Battuta was the only medieval traveller who is known to have visited the lands of every Muslim ruler of his time. Also it is known that Ibn-Battuta travelled for approximately 75,000 miles. In this Secondary source Biography you will find out more about Ibn-Battuta himself and his travels. Ibn-Battuta Ibn Battuta was born in a rich family of scholars in Tangier, Morocco. His original plan was to be a judge. After his studying, Ibn Battuta decided to make his first pilgrimage to Makkah for Hajj. Makkah was about 3000 miles away and the journey would take more then a year. So, Ibn Battuta set off in 1325 CE. He was amazed of what he saw, inspired by this, Ibn Battuta then decided to spend his life traveling. However, he made two rules for himself: 1. Only to visit the Muslim world. 2. Never to travel any road a second time. So he began by first exploring the lands of the Middle East. Then he sailed down the Red Sea to Makkah. He crossed the huge Arabian Desert and traveled to Iraq and Iran. In 1330 CE, he set of again, down the Red Sea to Aden and then along the coast of East Africa to Tanzania. Then in 1332 CE, Ibn Battuta decided to go to India. He was welcomed by the Sultan of Delhi- AKA ‘The shadow of God’, and was given the job of a judge from him. He stayed in India for approximately 8 years; then left for China. He survived wars, shipwrecks, and rebellions. Finally, he returned home at Tangier in 1349 CE. Ibn Battuta left for another adventure. In 1352 CE, he went south, crossed the Sahara desert, and visited the African kingdom of Mali. He got back to Morocco in 1354 CE. He had traveled for about 30 years and more then 75,000 miles had been explored, he also managed to meet sixty different Islamic rulers. His First Trip On Hajj In June 1325, when he was twenty one years old, Ibn Battuta set off from his hometown to perform his first Hajj, this journey took 16 months, and it meant he would not see Morocco again for 24 years. He journeyed to Makkah by foot across land, and followed the North African coast. His route passed through the city of Tlemcen and all the way through to Tunis, where he stayed for two months. Ibn Battuta knew he would of got attacked if he didn’t join a caravan, so he chose to join a caravan so he wouldn’t be attacked. After he had completed his Hajj, he continued his exploration through out the lands. A group of pilgrims going on Hajj. People on Hajj, circling the Ka’aba as part of their ritual. His travels Over the 30 years of Ibn Battuta’s travellinf, he managed to travel to: West, North and East Africa, to Arabia, Russia, India and China. This was over 112,000 kilometres that Ibn Battuta had travelled successfully, in just as little as 30 years of his life. In April 1326 Ibn Battuta reached Cairo in Egypt. Cairo was the capital city of the Mamluks-Soldiers brought from Turkey to serve as slaves in the Egyption army. In 1250 they took control and ruled Egypt until 1811. Cairo had claimed to be the heart of the muslim world in the fo urteenth century. This was because it had over 500,000 inhabitants. airo was filled with beatuiful stone Palaces and mosques set amidst sprawling alleys. As Ibn Battuta pressed his way through the people, donkeys and camels on its densely crowded streets; he saw markets bustling with butchers, goldsmiths, leatherworkers, candle makers and countless other trader selling their products. Maps The red lines show Ibn Battuta’s route around the Muslim World. The green line shows Ibn Battuta’s footsteps. His Return Home After returning home from his travels in 1354 and at the encouragement of the Sultan of Morocco- Abu Inan Faris. Ibn Battuta dictated an account of his journeys to Ibn Juzayy, a scholar who he had met previously in Granada. The account, recorded by Ibn Juzayy, is the only primary source of information on his adventure. Ibn Battuta returned to Morocco through the route of his first Hajj, on the way he was told that his father had died. Ibn Battuta was very sad after this tradgedy. Thinking situations couldn’t get any worse, a few months later, he discovered the death of his mother also.